Do vertical spillovers differ by investors’ productivity? Theory and evidence from Vietnam

Developing countries are eager to host foreign direct investment to receive positive technology spillovers to their local firms. However, what types of foreign firms are desirable for the host country to achieve spillovers best? We address this question using firm‐level panel data from Vietnam to investigate whether foreign Asian investors in downstream sectors with different productivity affect the productivity of local Vietnamese firms in upstream sectors differently. Using endogenous structural breaks, we divide Asian investors into low‐, middle‐, and high‐productivity groups. The results suggest that the presence of the middle group has the strongest positive spillover effect. The differential spillover effects can be explained by a simple model with vertical linkages and productivity‐enhancing investment by local suppliers. The theoretical mechanism is also empirically confirmed.     

外资进入影响行业工资差距的路径与异质性研究——来自中国服务业的经验证据

外商直接投资（FDI）可以通过劳动力需求效应和技术溢出效应改变东道国的劳动力就业结构和行业相对劳动生产率，进而影响行业工资差距，并且这种影响具有不确定性；由于投资动机和进入方式的不同，FDI对行业工资差距的影响具有异质性并表现为地区差异。基于中国服务业的经验分析发现：外资进入通过增加低工资行业的相对就业规模和提升高工资行业的相对劳动生产率扩大了行业工资差距，适应中国低技能劳动力丰裕而高技能劳动力相对稀缺的劳动力市场条件；在以垂直型和合资型FDI为主的地区外资进入具有显著的扩大行业工资差距效应，而在以水平型和独资型FDI为主的地区这一影响并不明显。因此，应努力提高劳动力人力资本水平并充分保障低技能劳动力的权益，积极鼓励和引导水平型FDI进入并适度减少垂直型FDI的引入，持续增强企业的技术吸收能力并不断缩小技术差距，进而在高效利用外资的同时缩小行业工资差距。     

基于TOPSIS模型的现代农业发展水平评价*——以内蒙古自治区为例

［目的］现代农业发展是新时代背景下我国社会经济发展到一定阶段的必然选择，通过对内蒙古自治区现代农业发展水平进行评价分析，能够为其今后社会经济发展和精准扶贫提供更为有效的理论依据。［方法］以内蒙古自治区为例，构建基于熵值-TOPSIS模型的现代农业发展评价体系，通过分析2010—2018年内蒙古自治区现代农业发展总体得分值变化趋势和达标率变化趋势，评价该区域现代农业发展水平，同时结合资源指标、经济指标、科技指标和可持续发展指标等多指标要素综合分析，探究内蒙古自治区现代农业发展水平影响因素。［结果］（1）2010—2018年内蒙古自治区现代农业总体发展水平呈现上升趋势，整体发展态势较好。（2）内蒙古自治区现代农业发展资源指标、经济指标、科技指标和可持续发展指标均有较大幅度提升，但仍需进一步加强各指标的投入，尤其是科技指标的投入。［结论］内蒙古自治区现代农业发展要实现进一步发展，需要加大各指标投入，加强现代农业发展支持力度，实现该区域现代农业高效可持续发展。     

京津冀城市群土地经济密度时空格局演变与驱动因素分析

[目的]研究2006—2016年京津冀城市群土地经济密度的时空格局演变特征及其驱动机制。[方法]以京津冀城市群153个县区为例,运用空间自相关分析、热点分析、地理探测器等研究方法,对土地经济密度的时空演变规律及其驱动因素进行探讨。[结果](1)2006—2016年京津冀城市群县区和地市的土地经济密度及其发展速度在空间上均呈"东高西低,南高北低"格局,但随时间变化区域差异逐渐缩小;(2)Moran′s I指数由0.013 9上升至0.065 3,表明在空间上存在空间集聚状态,且随时间不断优化,区域一体化趋势逐渐增强;(3)空间集聚特征明显,热点显著区集中于北京、天津等经济优势区,并向四周梯度扩散;(4)人均GDP、当年实际使用外资额、固定资产投资额等经济类因子对土地经济密度的解释力较大,且任意两因子交互后作用力优于单项因子作用力。[结论]可为京津冀城市群土地资源的合理利用和差别化调控提供参考。     

Mobile phone network data reveal nationwide economic value of coastal tourism under climate change

The technology-driven application of big data is expected to assist policymaking towards sustainable development; however, the relevant literature has not addressed human welfare under climate change, which limits the understanding of climate change impacts on human societies. We present the first application of unique mobile phone network data to evaluate the current nation-wide human welfare of coastal tourism at Japanese beaches and project the value change using the four climate change scenarios. The results show that the projected national economic value loss rates are more significant than the projected national physical beach loss rates. Our findings demonstrate regional differences in recreational values: most southern beaches with larger current values would disappear, while the current small values of the northern beaches would remain. These changes imply that the ranks of the beaches, based on economic values, would enable policymakers to discuss management priorities under climate change.     

农户收入分化对林地流入与流出意愿影响研究

以辽宁省409户样本农户问卷调查为基础,采用描述性统计分析农户收入分化在农户年龄层次、受教育程度、家庭劳动力数量等方面的差异化特征,并运用二元Logistic回归模型分别讨论收入水平分化、收入结构分化、二者交互项对农户林地流转综合意愿、流入意愿、流出意愿的差异化影响。结果表明:农户收入水平分化对林地综合流转意愿、林地流入意愿具有显著正向影响;农户收入结构分化对农户林地流出意愿具有显著正向影响;农户收入水平分化与结构分化交互项对农户林地综合流转意愿、林地流出意愿具有显著正向影响。因此,需要关注农户收入分化因素;做好收入分化因素的有效识别;充分认识收入分化因素对农户林地流入与流出意愿的差异影响;把握分化特征,有针对性提高林地流转意愿。     

政府补助企业的主要动机研究——基于我国A股上市公司面板数据的实证检验

上市公司获得的政府补助数额巨大且逐年增长，引起了广泛的质疑，而现有研究对政府补助企业的动机尚无一致的结论。基于理性经济人理论，考虑制度更改和环境变化的影响，以2007—2015年我国上市公司为研究样本，实证检验政府补助企业的主要动机，结果表明：政府补助企业的主要动机在于扩大就业和帮助上市公司“保牌”，最终目的是促进经济的增长；而增加税收和帮助上市公司达到配股要求不是政府补助企业主要考虑的因素，也没有明显证据证明国有企业比民营企业更容易获得政府补助。应完善资本市场退市制度，加强对政府补助的审批和监管，提高政府补助的资源配置效率，并积极引导政府补助发挥更好的社会效益。     

Firm location,political geography and environmental information disclosure

As the subjective and objective factors that influence corporate behaviours, political region and firm location are of great importance to environmental information disclosure (EID). With spatial and political geography as a research perspective, this article makes a study by using the samples of manufacturing listed companies from 2009 to 2011. As a result, we determine that regulatory distance and political geography had negative effects on EID, while political geography weakens regulatory distance’s function. After considering an enterprise’s administrative rank, we determined that when the rank is higher, regulatory distance has negative effects on EID; when the rank is lower, the effects are the opposite. Regarding political geography, it always weakened the regulatory distance’s function. Moreover, the effects are significant only when the enterprises had low governmental regulation. The study shows the effects that firm location and political geography have made on EID. At the same time, this study also gives theoretical and empirical evidence to the necessity of raising governmental regulatory effectiveness.     

Women in tourism: Shifting gender ideology in the DR

The purpose of this study is to explore the ways in which the employment of women in the tourism industry has challenged or reinforced the traditional machismo–marianismo gender ideology in the Dominican Republic. Semi-structured individual, coupled, and group interviews were conducted in 12 coastal communities to investigate residents’ perceptions about gender ideology as it intersects with the employment of women in tourism. The findings reveal tourism employment as a source of opportunity, with women gaining economic and social independence, but also conflict as women and men negotiate new gender roles and identities. Emphasizing issues such as the double workload, negotiating domestic tasks with partners, and tension resulting from employment, this study illuminates the pressing practical needs of Dominican women.     

10 Things to Watch in 2015

【正】We expect GDP growth to average 7.1%in 2015:7.1%in Q1,7.2%in Q2 and Q3,and 7.0%in Q4CPI inflation should average 2%;disinflationary pressure is set to build ...